Effect of chemical component on shape memory effect of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE shape memory alloy

Effect of chemical component on shape memory effect (SME) of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE shape memory alloys was studied by bent measurement, thermal cycle training, SEM etc. Results of study indicate that the alloys with high Mn content (25%) appeare better SME, especially in lower strain. SME improves evidently when Si is higher content, especially it′s range from 3% up to 4%.But brittleness of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE alloy increases by increasing the Si content. SME of the alloy is weakening gradually as carbon content increases under small strain (3%). But in the condition of large strain (above 6%), SME of the alloy whose carbon content ranges from 0.1% to 0.12% shows small decreasing range, especially of alloy with the addition of compound RE.     

Thermoelectric properties of porous (Bi0.15Sb0.85)2Te3 thermoelectric materials

In order to obtain thermoelectric materials with high figure of merit, the concept of Hollow (Vacuum) Quantum Structure or Effect and related thermoelectric materials design were proposed. To demonstrate the theory, the materials of (Bi_0.15Sb_0.85)₂Te₃ with porous structure have been fabricated. Their thermoelectric properties and the microstructure were investigated and compared with their density structure. It was found that the porous structure could improve their properties greatly.     

Theoretical and experimental analysis on the mechanism of the Kaiser effect of acoustic emission in brittle rocks

The Kaiser effect is formally described as the absence of detectable acoustic emission (AE) events until the load imposed on the material exceeds the previous applied level and is usually used to estimate geostress. By focusing on the heterogeneity of rock material, the mechanism of the Kaiser effect under cyclic loading is analyzed based on statistic damage mechanics. Two groups of granite specimens have been cyclically loaded with two different loading paths to verify the theoretical results. The heterogeneity of rock is the real reason that causes irrecoverable damage on the Kaiser effect of acoustic emission in cyclic loading. The Kaiser effect reflects the damaged state in rocks rather than the previous stress imposed on it. Applications for using the Kaiser effect to estimate geostress were discussed here. It is shown that the commonly used uniaxial loading method for estimating geostress is not in accor-dance with the theoretical and experimental results. The analysis is of importance to use the Kaiser effect correctly for estimating geostress or in other fields.     

第一过渡系金属离子掺杂的TiO2纳米粒子光催化活性的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备纯的和分别掺杂第一过渡系金属离子(V5 、Cr3 、Mn2 、Fe3 、Co2 、Ni2 、Cu2 和Zn2 )的TiO2纳米粒子,以甲基橙的光催化氧化评价纳米粒子的活性,借助XRD考察掺杂对TiO2相变及粒径的影响,探讨金属离子的物化性质与其对TiO2性能影响的关系,研究掺杂改性的机制.结果表明:除Cr3 外的其它离子掺杂均能提高TiO2活性且最佳掺杂量相近,反应过程中V2O5析出使0.1%V-TiO2活性逐渐降低;掺杂均能轻微抑制锐钛矿向金红石的转变,对晶粒长大轻微抑制或无影响;离子适中的Ea/r及全充满或半充满的电子构型均有利于TiO2活性提高,两者谁占主导地位随掺杂离子不同而不同;离子化合价高于 4时高化合价对催化剂活性的正效应能完全克服不适的Ea/r与电子构型的负效应.第一过渡系金属离子掺杂对TiO2活性的影响由金属离子的Ea/r、电子构型及价态共同决定,与掺杂对TiO2结构相变和粒径的影响关系不大.     

Nature of large (Ti,Nb)(C,N) particles precipitated during the solidification of Ti,Nb HSLA steel

To investigate the microsegregation phenomena and complex (Ti, Nb)(C, N) precipitation behavior during continuous casting, a unidirectional solidification unit was employed to simulate the solidification process. The samples of Ti, Nb-addition steels after unidirectional solidification were examined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and electron probe X-ray microanalyzer (EPMA). In such specimens, dendrite structure and mushy zone can be detected along the solidification direction. It shows that the addition of titanium, niobium to high-strength low-alloyed (HSLA) steel results in undesirable (Ti, Nb)(C, N) precipitation because of microsegregation. The effect of cooling rate on (Ti, Nb)(C, N) precipitation was investigated. The composition of large precipitates was determined using FE-SEM with EDS. Large (Ti, Nb)(C, N) precipitates could be divided into three kinds according to the composition and morphology. With the cooling rate increasing, Ti-rich (Ti, Nb)(C, N) precipitates are transformed to Nb-rich (Ti, Nb)(C, N) precipitates.     

Surface effects on static bending of nanowires based on non-local elasticity theory

The surface elasticity and non-local elasticity effects on the elastic behavior of statically bent nanowires are investigated in the present investigation. Explicit solutions are presented to evaluate the surface stress and non-local elasticity effects with various boundary conditions. Compared with the classical Euler beam, a nanowire with surface stress and/or non-local elasticity can be either stiffer or less stiff, depending on the boundary conditions. The concept of surface non-local elasticity was proposed and its physical interpretation discussed to explain the combined effect of surface elasticity and non-local elasticity. The effect of the nanowire size on its elastic bending behavior was investigated. The results obtained herein are helpful to characterize mechanical properties of nanowires and aid nanowire-based devices design.     

Forward acoustic scattering by moving objects: Theory and experiment

The normal mode model for scattering in shallow water is employed to investigate the forward scattering with a target crossing the source-receiver axial line. An experiment was conducted in a littoral environment to analyze forward scattering by a slowly moving object. The theoretical and experimental results show that the sound field aberration takes minimum values if the object is located mid-point along the source-receiver line, whereas it attains its maximum if the object is close to the source or receiver. The total field is either enhanced or suppressed if the object crosses different Fresnel zones. In addition, the duration of shad- ow-induced aberration is dependent on the width of the first Fresnel zone, which is longest at the mid-point of the source-receiver line.     

Abnormally large short term and impending earthquake geomagnetic anomaly implies a possibility of earthquake pre warning

The study found that strong magnetic anomalies repeatedly took place before big earthquakes. Based on geomagnetic record analysis results,we discussed a possible pattern of the magnetic anomalies prior to earthquake. In meizoseismal area or epicenter,in a time period of 36 h to about 10 min before earthquake,the exceptional big geomagnetic change increases with the magnitude of earthquake. We calculated that,in a place of 1 km from the epicenter,the magnetic anomaly before destructive earthquakes of Ms 6～9 can reach to 102～104 nT(the magnitude of earth magnetic field is 104 nT) ,rather than the magnitude of 10 nT from seismomagnetic effect theories since 1960s. From this we speculated the abnormal magnetic ULF near epicenter before earthquake seems to be an "intermittent magnetic eruption". Accordingly,we proposed that geomagnetic induction earthquake alarm can be a new pre-warning method to surmount hardship in solving the puzzledom of earthquake imminent prediction.     

Microstructural evolution of ternary Ag33Cu42Ge25 eutectic alloy inside ultrasonic field

Ultrasonic field with a frequency of 20 k Hz is introduced into the solidification process of ternary Ag33Cu42Ge25 eutectic alloy from the sample bottom to its top. The ultrasound stimulates the nucleation of alloy melt and prevents its bulk undercooling. At low ultrasound power of 250 W,the primary ε2phase in the whole alloy sample grows into non-faceted equiaxed grains, which differs to its faceted morphology of long strip under static condition. The pseudobinary(Ag t ε2) eutectic transits from dendrite shape grain composed of rod type eutectic to equiaxed chrysanthemus shape formed by lamellar structure. By contrast, the ultrasound produces no obvious variation in the morphology of ternary(Ag t Ge t ε2) eutectic except a coarsening effect. When ultrasound power rises to 500 W, divorced ternary(Ag t Ge t ε2) eutectic forms at the sample bottom. However, in the upper part, the ultrasonic energy weakens, and it only brings about prominent refining effect to primary ε2phase.The microstructural evolution mechanism is investigated on the cavitation, acoustic streaming and acoustic attenuation.     

Effects of solidifi cation cooling rate on the corrosion resistance of Mg – Zn–Ca alloy

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of solidification cooling rate on the corrosion resistance of an Mg–Zn–Ca alloy developed for biomedical applications. A wedge shaped copper mould was used to obtain different solidification cooling rates. Electrochemical and immersion tests were employed to measure the corrosion resistance of Mg–Zn–Ca alloy. It was found that increasing cooling rate resulted in a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance of the Mg–Zn–Ca alloy. The findings were explained in terms of solidification behaviour in association with the change in solubility of the alloying elements, microstructural homogeneity and refinement and chemical homogeneity as well as the increased cooling rates.